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Dentistry Degrees
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Designed to provide students with a foundation in dental science, undergraduate degrees in dentistry are also vocational, meaning they train and prepare students for positions as dentists by the end of their course. Most bachelor’s dental degrees, such as a doctor of medicine in dentistry (DMD) or doctor of dental surgery (DDS), include modules in anatomy, physiology, biology, patient care, and pharmacology, combining both theoretical and practical learning.
Typically, an undergraduate dentistry course will take five years to complete, although this can vary depending on the country and programme structure. In some regions, students may even enter directly into combined bachelor's and doctoral programmes, such as BS/DMD or BS/DDS pathway, which may streamline the timeline for becoming a dentist. In the US, for instance, students typically spend four years completing a DDS degree or DMD degree in dental school, which follows a separate undergraduate degree.
The course structure for most dental programmes varies by location. Students generally begin with foundational subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, and biochemistry in the initial years and gradually incorporate hands-on clinical training with patients during the later stages. In graduate dental programmes, such as those in the US, students pursue either a doctor of dental medicine (DMD) or a doctor of dental surgery (DDS), receiving advanced training in dental practice and patient care. Additionally, many programmes offer opportunities to specialise in areas like paediatric dentistry, dental prosthetics, and radiology.
Entry requirements
Overall, dentistry is a rigorous and academically demanding course, and applicants must demonstrate a wide range of capabilities both theoretical and practical. However, entry requirements for dental degrees will vary depending on the institution and a range of other factors.
Undergraduate degrees
For undergraduate programmes, such as Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) or equivalent dental medicine courses, applicants typically need strong grades in biology, chemistry, and physics. Many institutions also assess manual dexterity, problem-solving skills, and motivation through interviews or practical tests. In the US, aspiring dentists must complete prerequisite science courses, gain a competitive score on the Dental Admission Test (DAT), and have shadowing experience.
Postgraduate degrees
For postgraduate programmes, such as the Master of Dental Surgery (MDS), applicants must hold a relevant undergraduate degree like BDS or a DMD degree. These programmes typically require clinical experience, recommendation letters, and may even include entrance exams. The MDS course duration is usually three years, with MDS course fees varying significantly based on the institution.
Dentistry specialisations
Although most dental degrees focus on preparing students for general dental practice after vocational training, dentistry offers a variety of specialised paths. While many students pursue conventional careers, some explore fields like academic dentistry or roles in the armed forces. Others specialise in areas such as orthodontics and oral surgery. Here’s a brief look at some options:
Oral & maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases, defects, and injuries in the head, neck, face, jaws, and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. This specialty bridges medicine and dentistry, often requiring practitioners to manage intricate and complex surgical procedures.
Students specialising in this field typically study advanced topics such as surgical anatomy, pathology, anesthesia, oral oncology, trauma management, and reconstructive techniques. Training often includes hands-on clinical practice and exposure to procedures like jaw realignment, tumor excision, and facial reconstruction.
Graduates pursuing this path must develop strong technical and interpersonal skills, as well as in-depth medical knowledge. Specialists in oral & maxillofacial surgery play a critical role in addressing conditions that impact both oral health and overall quality of life.
Orthodontics
Orthodontics is a dental specialty focused on diagnosing, preventing, and treating teeth and jaw misalignment, combining both health and cosmetic elements. Students specialising in orthodontics learn to use advanced tools and techniques for orthodontic treatment, including braces, aligners, and other appliances, to improve oral function and aesthetics.
Training for when specialising in orthodontics usually spans two to three years and combines in-depth academic coursework with supervised clinical practice. Students get to study subjects like craniofacial growth, biomechanics, advanced imaging techniques, and the design of orthodontic appliances.
Endodontics
Endodontics focuses on diagnosing and treating issues related to the dental pulp and surrounding tissues, often addressing infections, inflammation, and trauma. Students specialising in endodontics develop expertise in performing root canal treatments, pulp therapies, and other procedures aimed at preserving natural teeth and alleviating pain.
Students will study subjects like pulp biology, pain management, advanced imaging techniques, and microsurgery, with hands-on training in advanced endodontics procedures under clinical supervision.
Fields like conservative dentistry and endodontics often overlap, as both focus on preserving and restoring natural teeth while addressing issues with the tooth's pulp.
Paediatric dentistry
If you're interested in a dental career that focuses on working with children, paediatric dentistry may be the right specialisation for you. Paediatric dentists care for the oral health of young patients, from infancy to adolescence.
Students pursuing paediatric dentistry will study subjects such as child development, paediatric oral health, behaviour management, and preventive care. They will also gain experience in diagnosing and treating common dental issues in children, including cavity prevention, orthodontic evaluations, and the management of dental trauma.
Paediatric dentists must have excellent communication skills to work with both children and their parents. Managing dental anxiety and creating a positive environment for children are also essential skills in this specialisation.
Dentistry careers
Since dentistry degrees are vocational, most students aim to become dentists after completing their studies. However, a small proportion of graduates pursue academic roles, such as medical researchers or university lecturers, or work in fields like medical instrument design. Additionally, some dentists work outside traditional dental practices or hospitals, including positions in universities or the armed forces.
Here’s an overview of potential dental jobs you might consider:
General dental practitioner
General dental practitioners are often the first point of contact for patients seeking oral care. They perform routine check-ups, provide advice on oral hygiene, and refer patients to specialists when necessary. General dentists treat patients of all ages and work closely with other dental professionals, including dental hygienists, orthodontists, and oral surgeons.
To become a general dental practitioner, you must earn a BDS degree (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) and complete at least five years of clinical training, followed by one or two years of supervised practice.
Dental hygienist
A dental hygienist ensures patients achieve and maintain optimal oral hygiene by performing tasks such as oral assessments, teeth polishing, removing plaque and stains, and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They may also provide patient education on proper oral care routines and assist dentists during procedures.
Most licensed dental hygienists work in private dental offices or hospitals, including general and specialised practices. Others may work in dental schools, hygiene education programmes, community health centres, nursing homes, or private industries focused on oral care.
To become a dental hygienist, students must complete an approved undergraduate dental hygienist course focusing on oral health science or dental hygiene/therapy. This is often followed by practical training, usually lasting two to four years.
Orthodontist
Orthodontists specialise in diagnosing, preventing, and treating dental and facial abnormalities, primarily focusing on the alignment of teeth and jaws. They assess patients' dental health, interpret x-rays, and fit appliances like brac es, Invisalign, and retainers. Orthodontists also monitor patient progress throughout treatment, adjusting appliances as needed.
To become an orthodontist, graduates typically need to complete a doctor of dental surgery (DDS) or doctor of dental medicine (DMD) degree followed by an additional two to three years of specialised postgraduate training in orthodontics. This includes clinical practice and academic study, leading to certification for independent practice.
Becoming an orthodontist requires not only strong academic performance but also a keen interest in dental technology and excellent manual dexterity.
Endodontist
As an endodontist, you will specialise in diagnosing and treating issues related to the dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth. This includes performing root canal therapy, addressing tooth infections, and providing treatments to preserve natural teeth. Endodontists often use advanced imaging tools to handle complex cases and ensure precise care.
To become an endodontist, students typically need to complete a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) degree, followed by two to three years of specialised training. This training involves both clinical practice and academic study, preparing them for independent practice.
Endodontics requires attention to detail, strong problem-solving skills, and advanced knowledge of dental anatomy. The field can be highly rewarding, with a focus on preserving natural teeth and relieving patients' pain.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
This specialised dental career path involves performing procedures like facial trauma repair, jaw corrections, dental implant placements, and reconstructive surgeries. It is one of the most demanding paths, requiring extensive education and training.
In the US, this includes a four-year Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) or Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree, followed by a four- to six-year residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery, totalling 12 to 14 years. In other regions, pathways vary, with some professionals completing accelerated programmes if they already hold a prior qualification, such as a medical or dental degree. For instance, in the UK, many oral surgeons train as dentists first, then pursue additional medical qualifications.
Responsibilities include diagnosing and treating conditions of the face, mouth, and jaw, performing complex surgeries, and collaborating with other specialists. Aspiring students should excel in biology, anatomy, and surgical techniques and be prepared for a highly challenging but rewarding career.
Other dental jobs
If you complete a dentistry degree but decide a career as a dentist isn’t for you, there are several alternative options. You could become a university lecturer, medical researcher, or a writer specialising in dental health. For those who prefer clinical work without full dentist responsibilities, roles like dental assistant or dental hygienist may be a good fit. If you're interested in dental instruments, you could pursue a career as a dental technician. Specialising in fields like cosmetic dentistry or forensic dentistry will also offer exciting alternatives within the dental profession.
Explore more career pathways with a dentistry course.
Frequently Asked Questions
A dental hygienist course trains students to provide preventive oral care, including teeth cleaning, applying sealants, and educating patients on oral hygiene. These courses typically cover topics like oral anatomy, periodontal therapy, and dental radiography, preparing students for licensure and clinical practice.
Cosmetic dentistry focuses on improving the appearance of teeth, gums, and smiles through procedures like whitening, veneers, and braces. It aims to improve aesthetics rather than just functionality.
The duration of a dentistry course depends on factors such as location, institution, and the level of study you’re pursuing. However, a dentistry course like Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) or an equivalent degree typically takes five years to complete. Completing a Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) or Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) usually requires eight years in total, including four years of undergraduate studies followed by four years of dental school.
The Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) is a three year postgraduate degree that provides advanced training in specialised fields like orthodontics, prosthodontics, or oral surgery, preparing graduates for expert clinical roles or research.
The specifics of the BDS admissions process vary depending on the institution you are applying to. Generally, applicants are required to demonstrate strong academic performance in science subjects (biology, chemistry, and physics), take an entrance exam, and, in some cases, participate in interviews, depending on the region or institution.
Dentist salaries vary widely based on factors such as location, experience, and specialisation. General dentists earn competitive salaries, while specialists like orthodontists often have higher earning potential.
To become an orthodontist, you will need a BDS degree or equivalent qualification followed by a postgraduate degree, such as an MDS in Orthodontics, to specialise in correcting teeth and jaw alignment.
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