Rankings
Discover
- Course Matching Tool
- University Search
- Program Search
- Subject Guides
- Study Destination Guides
- Scholarship Advice
- Chat to Students
Events
Prepare
- Course Matching Tool
- Admission Support
- Student Finance
- QS Student Guides
Careers
- Careers Advice
Community
- Videos

SIGN UP
LOGIN

Rankings
Discover
Events
Prepare
Careers
- Careers Advice
Community
- Videos

Free Counselling

Action Another action
Free Counselling
LOGIN
SIGN UP

Help us to know you better

Thanks for visiting TopUniversities.com today! So that we can show you the most relevant information, please select the option that most closely relates to you.

Looking for undergraduate studies
Looking for postgraduate studies
Student but not looking for further education at the moment
Academic
Parent or Guardian
University administrator
Professional
Other

Thanks for sending your response.

Your input will help us improve your experience.

Thanks for sending your response.

Your input will help us improve your experience.You can close this popup to continue using the website or choose an option below to register in or login.

Already have an account? Sign in

Home Universities Federation University Australia Master of Education Studies

Master of Education Studies

Mt Helen Campus (Ballarat), Mount Helen, Australia

Request More Details

Shortlist

24 monthsProgram duration

Education and TrainingMain Subject Area

Compare

Shortlist

University CTA

Programs2 Menu

Program Overview
Admission Requirements
Tuition Fee and Scholarships
More Programs

Program overview

Main Subject

Education and Training

Study Level

Masters

Study Mode

Online

You're a teacher or educational professional and are ready to lead educational practice, policy and research. You work full-time and want a flexible degree, plus you'd like to shape your studies to suit your interests. Our part-time, online course is a...
Read more convenient way to engage with contemporary debates and developments in your chosen areas while upgrading your qualifications. Successful completion of the program enhances professional standing in the education community. The program is recognised as a valuable contribution to the on-going professional development of educators in a wide range of sectors, including in Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and VET contexts. Successful completion of the Research Pathway, including a high level of achievement in the Minor Thesis, provides a pathway to PhD study. Read less

Program overview

Main Subject

Education and Training

Study Level

Masters

Study Mode

Online

You're a teacher or educational professional and are ready to lead educational practice, policy and research. You work full-time and want a flexible degree, plus you'd like to shape your studies to suit your interests. Our part-time, online course is a...
Read more convenient way to engage with contemporary debates and developments in your chosen areas while upgrading your qualifications. Successful completion of the program enhances professional standing in the education community. The program is recognised as a valuable contribution to the on-going professional development of educators in a wide range of sectors, including in Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and VET contexts. Successful completion of the Research Pathway, including a high level of achievement in the Minor Thesis, provides a pathway to PhD study. Read less

Admission Requirements

TOEFL

79+

IELTS

6+

Cambridge CAE Advanced

176+

PTE Academic

58+

Tuition Fee

Scholarships

More programs from the university

Arts and Humanities (6)

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Creative Arts) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Creative Arts) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Creative Arts) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Creative Arts) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Humanities) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Humanities) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Humanities) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Humanities) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) (Honours)

Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Fine Arts

Bachelor of Fine Arts

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Performing Arts

Bachelor of Performing Arts

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Visual Arts

Bachelor of Visual Arts

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Business and Management (6)

Bachelor of Applied Management

Bachelor of Applied Management

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Applied Management

Bachelor of Applied Management

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business

Bachelor of Business

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business

Bachelor of Business

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Entrepreneurship)

Bachelor of Business (Entrepreneurship)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Entrepreneurship)

Bachelor of Business (Entrepreneurship)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Honours)

Bachelor of Business (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management and Human Resource Management)

Bachelor of Business (Management and Human Resource Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management and Human Resource Management)

Bachelor of Business (Management and Human Resource Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management and Marketing)

Bachelor of Business (Management and Marketing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management and Marketing)

Bachelor of Business (Management and Marketing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management)

Bachelor of Business (Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Management)

Bachelor of Business (Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Human Resource Management)

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Human Resource Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Information Technology)

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Information Technology)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Information Technology)

Bachelor of Business (Marketing and Information Technology)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Marketing)

Bachelor of Business (Marketing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Marketing)

Bachelor of Business (Marketing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Professional Experience)

Bachelor of Business (Professional Experience)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Professional Experience)

Bachelor of Business (Professional Experience)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Tourism)

Bachelor of Business (Tourism)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Law)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Law)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Engineering and Technology (6)

Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) (Honours)

Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) (Honours)

Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Information Engineering) (Honours)

Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Information Engineering) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) (Honours)

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Engineering (Mining) (Honours)

Bachelor of Engineering (Mining) (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology

Bachelor of Information Technology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology

Bachelor of Information Technology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Big Data and Analytics)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Big Data and Analytics)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Big Data and Analytics)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Big Data and Analytics)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Systems)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Systems)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Systems)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Business Information Systems)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Cloud and Enterprise Computing)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Cloud and Enterprise Computing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Cloud and Enterprise Computing)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Cloud and Enterprise Computing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Games Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Games Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Games Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Games Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Mobile App Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Mobile App Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Mobile App Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Mobile App Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Networking and Security)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Networking and Security)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Networking and Security)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Networking and Security)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Professional Practice)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Professional Practice)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Software Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Software Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Information Technology (Software Development)

Bachelor of Information Technology (Software Development)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Mechatronic Systems Engineering (Honours)

Bachelor of Mechatronic Systems Engineering (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Mechatronic Systems Engineering (Honours)

Bachelor of Mechatronic Systems Engineering (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Life Sciences and Medicine (6)

Bachelor of Biomedical Science

Bachelor of Biomedical Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Biomedical Science

Bachelor of Biomedical Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Biotechnology

Bachelor of Biotechnology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Biotechnology

Bachelor of Biotechnology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Food and Nutritional Science

Bachelor of Food and Nutritional Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Food and Nutritional Science

Bachelor of Food and Nutritional Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Health Sciences (Health Promotion)

Bachelor of Health Sciences (Health Promotion)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours)

Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Nursing

Bachelor of Nursing

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Nursing

Bachelor of Nursing

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Nursing (Honours)

Bachelor of Nursing (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Nursing/Bachelor of Midwifery

Bachelor of Nursing/Bachelor of Midwifery

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (Honours)

Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Honours)

Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Psychological Science

Bachelor of Psychological Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Science (Honours)

Bachelor of Science (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Science (Honours)

Bachelor of Science (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Veterinary and Wildlife Science

Bachelor of Veterinary and Wildlife Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Veterinary and Wildlife Science

Bachelor of Veterinary and Wildlife Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Natural Sciences (6)

Bachelor of Environmental and Conservation Science

Bachelor of Environmental and Conservation Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Environmental and Conservation Science

Bachelor of Environmental and Conservation Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Geoscience

Bachelor of Geoscience

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Geoscience

Bachelor of Geoscience

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Mathematical Science

Bachelor of Mathematical Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Mathematical Science

Bachelor of Mathematical Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Social Sciences and Management (6)

Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Education

Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Human Resource Management)

Bachelor of Business (Human Resource Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Business (Human Resource Management)

Bachelor of Business (Human Resource Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce

Bachelor of Commerce

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce

Bachelor of Commerce

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Information Technology)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Information Technology)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Information Technology)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Information Technology)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting, Economics and Finance)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting, Economics and Finance)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting, Economics and Finance)

Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting, Economics and Finance)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Economics and Finance)

Bachelor of Commerce (Economics and Finance)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Economics and Finance)

Bachelor of Commerce (Economics and Finance)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)

Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)

Bachelor of Commerce (Honours)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce/Bachelor of Business

Bachelor of Commerce/Bachelor of Business

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Commerce/Bachelor of Business

Bachelor of Commerce/Bachelor of Business

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Communication Design

Bachelor of Communication Design

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Community and Human Services

Bachelor of Community and Human Services

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Community and Human Services/Bachelor of Education

Bachelor of Community and Human Services/Bachelor of Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Bachelor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Bachelor of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood and Primary)

Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood and Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood and Primary)

Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood and Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education (Primary and Secondary P-10)

Bachelor of Education (Primary and Secondary P-10)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education (Primary)

Bachelor of Education (Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education (Primary)

Bachelor of Education (Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Education Studies

Bachelor of Education Studies

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science

Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science (Honours )

Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science (Honours )

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Health and Physical Education

Bachelor of Health and Physical Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Hospitality (Management)

Bachelor of Hospitality (Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Hospitality (Management)

Bachelor of Hospitality (Management)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Human Services and Entrepreneurship

Bachelor of Human Services and Entrepreneurship

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Mathematical Sciences/Bachelor of Education

Bachelor of Mathematical Sciences/Bachelor of Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Outdoor and Environmental Education

Bachelor of Outdoor and Environmental Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Education

Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Education

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Bachelor of Social Science

Bachelor of Social Science

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

+1 More Subject

Business and Management (4)

Master of Professional Accounting

Master of Professional Accounting

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Professional Accounting

Master of Professional Accounting

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Engineering and Technology (4)

Master of Engineering Project Management

Master of Engineering Project Management

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Engineering Technology (Civil Engineering)

Master of Engineering Technology (Civil Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Engineering Technology (Mechanical Engineering)

Master of Engineering Technology (Mechanical Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Engineering Technology (Mechatronic Systems Engineering)

Master of Engineering Technology (Mechatronic Systems Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Engineering Technology (Mining Engineering)

Master of Engineering Technology (Mining Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Engineering Technology (Renewable Energy and Electrical Power Systems)

Master of Engineering Technology (Renewable Energy and Electrical Power Systems)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Enterprise Systems and Business Analytics)

Master of Technology (Enterprise Systems and Business Analytics)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Enterprise Systems and Business Analytics)

Master of Technology (Enterprise Systems and Business Analytics)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Research)

Master of Technology (Research)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Research)

Master of Technology (Research)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Software Engineering)

Master of Technology (Software Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Technology (Software Engineering)

Master of Technology (Software Engineering)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Life Sciences and Medicine (4)

Master of Clinical Exercise Physiology

Master of Clinical Exercise Physiology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Advanced Nursing)

Master of Health (Advanced Nursing)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Health Leadership)

Master of Health (Health Leadership)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Health Leadership)

Master of Health (Health Leadership)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Research Practice) (Online)

Master of Health (Research Practice) (Online)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Research Practice) (Online)

Master of Health (Research Practice) (Online)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Health (Workplace Health and Safety)

Master of Health (Workplace Health and Safety)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Nursing

Master of Nursing

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Professional Psychology

Master of Professional Psychology

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Psychology (Clinical)

Master of Psychology (Clinical)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Strength and Conditioning (by Coursework)

Master of Strength and Conditioning (by Coursework)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Social Sciences and Management (4)

Master of Education Studies

Master of Education Studies

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Education Studies

Master of Education Studies

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Social Work (Qualifying)

Master of Social Work (Qualifying)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Early Childhood)

Master of Teaching (Early Childhood)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Early Childhood)

Master of Teaching (Early Childhood)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Primary)

Master of Teaching (Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Primary)

Master of Teaching (Primary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Master of Teaching (Secondary)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

View All

Others (1)

Master of Business Administration

Master of Business Administration

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Business Administration

Master of Business Administration

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Business Administration

Master of Business Administration

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Business Administration (International Business)

Master of Business Administration (International Business)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Master of Business Administration (International Business)

Master of Business Administration (International Business)

Go to Programme ::type_cta_button::

Postgrad programs 843

0/4 Universities have been added to compare

0/4 Programs have been added to compare

0/4 Compare Universities 0/4

0/4 Compare Programs 0/4

0/4 Compare Uni. 0/4

0/4 Compare Prog. 0/4

0 Shortlisted 0

About Contact Privacy Users

About Contact Privacy Users Cookies Data Copyright Terms & Conditions

Follow us

For Students

Find the right programme for you

Use university rankings

Connect with universities in person

Get free counselling

For Professionals

Advance your career with the right programme

Make informed choices with university rankings

Network with university representatives

Get professional advice and counselling

For institution

Download our digital solutions pack

Visit our solutions catalogue

Exhibit at recruitment events

Register to our Summits

Cookies Data Copyright Terms & Conditions

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

© QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited 1994 - 2025. All rights reserved.

We use Necessary cookies to make our website work. We’d also like to set optional Functional cookies to gather anonymous site visitation data and Advertising cookies to help us understand which content our visitors value the most. By enabling these cookies, you can help us provide a better website for you. These will be set only if you accept.More information about the cookies we use can be found here Cookies Policy

Cookies Settings

Necessary

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in, or filling in forms.

Functional

We may use a set of cookies to collect information, report site usage statistics and understand how visitors engage with the website. In addition to reporting site usage statistics, data collected may also be used to personalize your experience and remember your chat history. We may also use these data, together with some of the advertising cookies described, to help show more relevant ads across the web and to measure interactions with the ads we show.

Advertising

We use cookies to make our ads more engaging and valuable to site visitors. Some common applications of cookies are to select advertising based on what’s relevant to a user; to improve reporting on ad campaign performance; and to avoid showing ads the user has already seen.