Environmental Science Degrees

What do environmental science degrees cover? 

Very much an ‘interdisciplinary’ subject, environmental science degrees challenge students to combine skills and knowledge from a variety of different fields. This could mean exploring aspects of biology, chemistry, physics, geography, environmental earth sciences, and social sciences. This interdisciplinary approach helps students gain a comprehensive understanding of natural and human environments. Environmental science and pollution research are central components of the curriculum, focusing on identifying and solving pollution-related challenges.  

Fieldwork remains a key component of both environmental science graduate programmes and degrees like BSc environmental science. They often involve trips to various ecosystems, climates, and regions to study habitats, land formations, and societal interactions firsthand. Laboratory work is equally significant, equipping students with skills in data analysis, environmental testing, and research methodologies which are essential for roles in environmental science jobs or further academic pursuits. 

Many programmes also encourage or require students to gain hands-on experience through internships or voluntary work in environment-related roles, which is invaluable for building a foundation for future careers in areas such as conservation, sustainability consulting, environmental policy, and research. 

Entry requirements for environmental science degrees 

Undergraduate degrees 

To apply for an undergraduate degree in environmental science, such as a BSc in environmental science, you’ll typically need a high school diploma or equivalent with strong grades in subjects like biology, chemistry, geography, mathematics, physics, or geology. Specific grade requirements vary by institution, and some programmes may also consider extracurricular involvement in environmental or science-related activities.  

Postgraduate degrees 

For a masters in environmental science, applicants generally need to have completed a relevant bachelor’s degree in environmental sciences or a related field such as biology, chemistry, geology, or geography. Admission requirements for an environmental science graduate programme may include submitting academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a personal statement, and in some cases, GRE scores (or equivalent tests). Certain universities may also require interviews or entrance exams, depending on regional or institutional practices. Flexible options like a masters in environmental science online or MSc environmental science programmes might have slightly different prerequisites tailored to working professionals. 

Course structure and assessment methods 

Environmental science degrees typically span three to four years at the bachelor’s level and one to two years at postgraduate level, such as an MS in Environmental Science or an MSc Environmental Science. The initial phase of study usually includes core modules designed to provide a solid foundation in key environmental science principles, including ecology, geology, atmospheric science, and environmental policy. 

As the programme progresses, students can often select specialised modules aligned with their interests and career aspirations such as climate change, conservation, or sustainable development.  

A key component of many programmes is conducting independent research on a topic of choice, often culminating in a dissertation or thesis. Assessment methods include essays, exams, lab reports, field exercises, presentations, and maintaining detailed field notebooks. Practical work such as field trips and laboratory sessions, is typically an integral part of the learning process, preparing students for real-world environmental challenges. 

Environmental science specialisations 

The list of possible environmental science topics is a long one, and each environmental science department will have its own key focus areas. Areas of specialisation range from a focus on understanding specific life forms and ecosystems in great detail, to studying environmental systems and changes at the whole-planet level. Some examples of environmental science topics you may encounter include: 

Soil ecology 

Soil ecology is a key specialisation in environmental science that focuses on understanding the complex interactions between soil organisms and their environment. As a student in this field, you will study how soil health affects ecosystems, agricultural productivity, and broader environmental sustainability. Key areas include soil nutrient cycling, the role of microbes and fauna in decomposition, and how soil quality influences plant growth. You will also explore the effects of external factors like pollution, pesticide use, and climate change on soil organisms and overall ecosystem stability.  

Aquatic/marine biology 

The disciplines of aquatic biology and marine biology are closely related. Aquatic biology focuses on the study of freshwater environments such as lakes, ponds, rivers and wetlands, while marine biology is concerned with saltwater environments, including the oceans and brackish bodies of water.  

Students pursuing these specialisations will study various aspects of life in these ecosystems, including species interactions, habitat dynamics, and the effects of environmental changes. You’ll also examine the importance of environmental science in understanding aquatic ecosystems, addressing issues like conservation, resource management, and the economic impact of these environments. Advanced studies may delve into topics such as marine conservation, aquatic biodiversity, and climate change's effects on water ecosystems.  

Earth systems 

At the ‘big picture’ end of the spectrum, the field of earth systems focuses on large-scale changes in the Earth and its atmosphere, and the environmental systems that affect the whole planet. Students in this specialisation might study topics such as geomorphology (land formation and evolution), climate change, weather systems, oceanic currents, and the dynamics of ice ages. These areas are vital for understanding global environmental changes and their impact on ecosystems, aligning with the growing importance of environmental science in addressing global challenges.  

Environmental and biological conservation 

A specialisation in environmental and biological conservation focuses on studying diverse organisms, including birds, mammals, insects, and their natural habitats. Students will explore the challenges these species face, such as habitat loss and climate change, and learn about conservation strategies to protect biodiversity and ecosystems. This field often includes practical studies in ecology, restoration techniques, and environmental science and pollution research. Graduates are well-equipped for environmental science jobs in conservation, working to safeguard species, restore habitats, and reduce extinction risks. 

Energy and climate change 

The question of climate change is one of the most hotly debated and significant issues of the current century. Specialising in this field allows students to study the causes, evidence, and future projections of climate change, along with potential solutions. The focus often includes sustainable energy production, energy efficiency, and the role of renewable sources. Given the growing need for climate action, graduates in this area are in high demand, particularly for roles addressing energy systems, policy, and sustainability. 

Water resource management 

This specialisation focuses on the sustainable management of water resources to meet human needs, such as drinking, agriculture, sanitation, and industry. Students who specialise in water resource management will explore challenges related to water availability, climate change, and pollution, while studying solutions to balance supply and demand. Topics also include the environmental, economic, and legal aspects of water management on a global scale. Students will also gain hands-on experience with water quality testing, hydrology, and environmental data analysis. They may use tools from environmental science & technology to assess and manage water resources more effectively. 

Pollution prevention and remediation 

This specialisation focuses on understanding human-induced pollution and its environmental impacts. Students will explore and assess various pollutants and the consequences they have on ecosystems and human health. You'll also study effective strategies for pollution prevention and remediation, equipping you for careers in pollution management, waste reduction, and sustainable disposal solutions. This area is essential for those looking to contribute to environmental science and technology, addressing critical issues in environmental science and pollution research. 

Environmental science careers 

There are many different environmental science jobs open to graduates, in sectors ranging from outdoor recreation to waste disposal, and from public policy development to agriculture. Some of the most popular environmental science jobs you may consider include: 

Environmental consultancy careers 

Working in environmental consultancy involves advising organisations both governmental and private on environmental issues. Consultants assess the environmental impact of projects, provide guidance on pollution and contamination of land, air, or water, and measure carbon footprints. They also advise on compliance with environmental legislation and help companies adopt sustainable practices. Professionals in this field often specialise in areas such as environmental science and pollution research or environmental earth sciences, combining scientific expertise with practical solutions to address pressing environmental challenges. This career path is integral to promoting sustainability and aligning business operations with environmental regulations. 

Nature conservation careers 

This career path, including roles like conservation scientist and wildlife biologist, suits those passionate about protecting and enhancing the natural environment. Responsibilities often include managing natural areas sustainably, developing and supervising projects to boost biodiversity or support endangered species, and raising awareness through fundraising and advocacy efforts. Professionals in this field may work for environmental charities, national parks, nature reserves, private estates, government agencies, or environmental consultancies. As the importance of environmental science grows, these careers increasingly integrate environmental science & technology to tackle challenges like habitat loss and pollution. 

Environmental education careers 

If you’re passionate about sharing knowledge and fostering awareness about the importance of environmental science, a career in environmental education could be a great fit. Responsibilities often include delivering talks at schools, leading guided nature walks, training volunteers, organising workshops and events, and collaborating with community and educational groups. Professionals in this field may work for organisations like environmental trusts, charities, local authorities, or public attractions such as wildlife parks, zoos, and botanical gardens. With growing awareness of environmental issues and sustainability, the demand for skilled educators is increasing, making this a rewarding path in environmental science jobs. 

Environmental management careers 

A career in environmental management involves developing and implementing strategies to promote sustainability and reduce environmental impact. You could work in both the public and private sectors, playing a key role in improving environmental performance. Responsibilities typically include conducting assessments, identifying environmental challenges, and organising staff training to ensure compliance with policies and help meet sustainability targets. This field is essential for addressing the growing importance of environmental science and pollution research in organisations. 

Careers in climate change 

Careers in climate change focus on understanding and addressing the impacts of global warming and developing strategies to mitigate its effects. Professionals in this field often work in research, policy-making, and implementation of sustainability projects. Key roles include climate policy analyst, sustainability consultant, and climate scientist. These roles typically involve data analysis, environmental impact assessments, and advocating for climate action through public and private sectors. 

Sustainability and renewable energy careers 

In the field of sustainable energy and renewable resources, professionals are dedicated to advancing practices and technologies that reduce environmental impact. Roles such as renewable energy consultant, energy analyst and sustainability manager are a few key positions available in this career path. These roles involve conducting environmental science and pollution research, analysing energy data, and creating strategies to reduce carbon footprints. Careers in this field play a vital role in driving the transition to a more sustainable and eco-friendly future. 

Water quality careers 

A career in water quality involves addressing challenges related to water pollution, conservation, and sustainability. Professionals in this field conduct water analysis, test water resources for contaminants, and design strategies to improve water quality. Roles can vary, including working with drinking water systems, surface water management, or groundwater protection. Responsibilities usually span across monitoring water sources, developing policies for pollution control, and working on technology solutions for sustainable water use.  

In addition to these career pathways, there are a wide range of other environmental science jobs you can explore, including roles in environmental risk assessment, waste management and circular economy, ecological restoration, green building and architecture and more. Learn more about the diverse opportunities available with an environmental science degree.